Western Eurasia
Western Eurasia covers most of Europe and is the westernmost section of the Palearctic realm with five major subrealms -- Greater European Forests, European Mountain Forests, Black Sea Forests & Steppe, the Mediterranean, and the British Isles -- and 13 bioregions in total as defined in the Bioregions 2020 framework. The Greater European Forests cover most of the European mainland with a group of European Mountain Forests extending from Switzerland to the western edge of the Black Sea. To the east, the vast Pontic Steppe defines the Black Sea Forests & Steppe subrealm, which includes southern Russia and most of Turkey. In the south, three bioregions span the length of the Mediterranean – from Spain, Italy, and Greece to western Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel -- with a fourth surrounding the Azores islands off the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Lastly, the British Isles are defined as their own subrealm with a uniquely mild climate influenced by the Gulf Stream.

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European Interior Mixed Forests (PA12)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 195,521 Number of Ecoregions: 3 Protection Target: 32% Protection Level: 5The European Interior Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains three ecoregions totaling approximately 195.5 million hectares of land area.
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Baltic Sea & Sarmatic Mixed Forests (PA11)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 84,807 Number of Ecoregions: 1 Protection Target: 46% Protection Level: 2The Baltic Sea & Sarmatic Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains one single ecoregion totaling nearly 85 million hectares of land area.
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West European Coastal Mixed Forests (PA10)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 62,272 Number of Ecoregions: 4 Protection Target: 35% Protection Level: 7The West European Coastal Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains four ecoregions totaling more than 62 million hectares of land area.
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Dinaric Mountains & Balkan Mixed Forests (PA15)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 31,489 Number of Ecoregions: 3 Protection Target: 41% Protection Level: 5The Dinaric Mountains & Balkan Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains three ecoregions totaling approximately 31.5 million hectares of land area.
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Alps & Po Basin Mixed Forests (PA13)
: 19,228 Number of Ecoregions: 2 Protection Target: 48% Protection Level: 5The Alps & Po Basin Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains two ecoregions totaling more than 19 million hectares of land area.
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Carpathian Mountain & Plains Mixed Forests (PA14)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 43,284 Number of Ecoregions: 2 Protection Target: 45% Protection Level: 6The Carpathian Mountain & Plains Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains two ecoregions totaling more than 43 million hectares of land area.
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Black Sea, Caucasus-Anatolian Mixed Forests & Steppe (PA17)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 58,534 Number of Ecoregions: 7 Protection Target: 32% Protection Level: 2The Black Sea, Caucasus-Anatolian Mixed Forests & Steppe bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains seven ecoregions totaling approximately 58.5 million hectares of land area.
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Pontic Steppe Grasslands (PA16)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 99,629 Number of Ecoregions: 1 Protection Target: 11% Protection Level: 4The Pontic Steppe Grasslands bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains one single ecoregion totaling approximately 99.5 million hectares of land area.
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Adriatic Sea & Central Mediterranean Mixed Forests (PA19)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 26,105 Number of Ecoregions: 6 Protection Target: 27% Protection Level : 9The Adriatic Sea & Central Mediterranean Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains six ecoregions totaling approximately 26 million hectares of land area.
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Aegean Sea & East Mediterranean Mixed Forests (PA18)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 49,688 Number of Ecoregions: 7 Protection Target: 30% Protection Level: 3The Aegean Sea & East Mediterranean Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains seven ecoregions totaling approximately 49.5 million hectares of land area.
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Azores Forest Islands (PA21)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 262 Number of Ecoregions: 1 Protection Target: 24% Protection Level: 10The Azores Forest Islands bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains one single ecoregion totaling approximately 262 thousand hectares of land area.
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Balearic Sea & West Mediterranean Mixed Forests (PA20)
Total Land Area (1000 ha): 55,528 Number of Ecoregions: 6 Protection Target: 30% Protection Level: 10The Balearic Sea & West Mediterranean Mixed Forests bioregion is located in the Western Eurasia realm (western Palearctic) and contains six ecoregions totaling approximately 55.5 million hectares of land area.
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