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We can solve the climate crisis! Here's how...
The One Earth Solutions Framework offers 76 science-based solutions to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C and avert ecological disaster using currently available technology.
The One Earth Solutions Framework indexes 76 solution pathways based on peer-reviewed scientific literature organized across three broad pillars of collective action—energy transition, nature conservation, and regenerative agriculture. This framework is how we organize the universe of possible levers to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goals, limiting global temperature rise to no more than 1.5°C and returning to 1.4°C or lower by 2100.
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One Earth Climate Solutions Framework
After consultations with more than 100 leading scientists and experts, we identified critical knowledge gaps in understanding how the world can feasibly deliver net zero emissions by mid-century while simultaneously reversing biodiversity extinctions and uplifting the livelihoods of people. This led to three critical inquiries that shaped One Earth’s Solution Framework:
- What is the optimal energy transition by region and sector to achieve the 1.5°C limit, delivering the greatest co-benefits?
- What is the potential of nature conservation and restoration to help solve the climate crisis, ecoregion by ecoregion?
- How can we feed 10 billion people on our current agricultural footprint while cutting food-related emissions by half?
Three corresponding scientific models were developed to help answer these questions, leading to the development of the 76 solutions pathways in the One Earth Framework. Explore the definitions of each solution organized by the three-pillar framework below. You can also learn more about the seven Intersectional Themes, which link various solutions together, and the seven Levers of Change to accelerate the implementation of climate solutions.

Energy Transition
The organization of the energy transition framework stems from the work of a consortium of 17 scientists from the German Aerospace Center, the University of Technology Sydney, and the University of Melbourne, spearheaded by One Earth. The group produced the world's first high-resolution global energy transition model, Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals (APCAG), one of the most downloaded texts in Springer Nature's history. The follow-on model, Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals Part 2, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, European Climate Foundation, and the Net-Zero Asset Owners Alliance, provides institutional investors with detailed decarbonization benchmarks by industry sub-sector. One Earth organizes the energy transition into four sub-categories, totaling 23 solution pathways:
RENEWABLE POWER
Renewable power refers to electricity generated from carbon-free or carbon-neutral sources that are naturally replenished faster than they can be consumed. Read more about the global transition to 100% renewable electricity.
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Solar Photovoltaic
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power utilizes sheets or panels of semiconducting materials capable of capturing photons from the sun and turning them into an electrical current.
Quick Fact
Solar PV has become the lowest-cost option for new electricity generation in most regions, with an average of 0.0x cents per kWh, leading to a record increase of 179 TWh in new capacity in 2021 alone (a 22% increase from 2020).

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Solar Thermal
Concentrated solar power (CSP) technology utilizes mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, generating heat that drives a turbine or heat engine to produce electricity.
Quick Fact
Concentrated solar can generate electricity even when the sun is not shining by storing solar heat that can be used later in the day.

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Geothermal Power
Geothermal power involves harnessing naturally occurring underground heat—typically found in regions near volcanic activity, geysers, or hot springs—to generate steam for powering turbines and producing electricity.
Quick Fact
Iceland generates nearly 100% of its electricity from geothermal power due to its abundant volcanic resources along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Onshore Wind
Onshore wind power is generated through the use of large wind turbines equipped with long blades that harness the kinetic energy of the wind to drive a connected electric generator.
Quick Fact
The average generating capacity of onshore wind turbines has steadily increased from less than 1 MW c. 2000 to 3 MW capacity today.

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Offshore Wind
Offshore wind power involves the installation of wind turbines anchored to the sea floor, capitalizing on the consistently higher wind speeds over the ocean and enabling the use of larger turbines, thus enhancing their efficiency compared to onshore counterparts, ultimately generating electricity through the rotation of an electric generator.
Quick Fact
The potential of offshore wind is enormous, and it is set to grow by 13% yearly over the next two decades. As the technology becomes cheaper, it is predicted to increase fifteen-fold by 2040, making it a trillion-dollar industry.

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Wave Energy
Wave energy, or ocean power, involves harnessing the kinetic energy produced by the natural oscillation of waves, typically achieved through a weighted buoy system that converts the wave motion into electrical energy via a linear or rotary generator.
Quick Fact
There are five main types of wave power technology—absorber, attenuator, oscillation water column, overtopping, and inverted pendulum.


Sustainable Hydropower
Sustainable hydropower refers to using smaller-scale dams that generate electricity through the controlled flow of water but preserve aquatic ecosystems and ensure unobstructed fish migration pathways.
Quick Fact
Sustainable hydropower produces significantly less GHG emissions than large-scale hydropower dams, which trap organic matter behind dams where it decomposes into methane.


Sustainable Biomass Power
Sustainable biomass power uses cellulosic waste products such as wood scraps, agricultural residues, and organic landfill materials for combustion in a thermoelectric generator to produce electricity while ensuring that harvested trees are not used as a fuel source to maintain forest sustainability.
Quick Fact
Bioenergy is a dispatchable renewable energy source that can complement variable renewable energy sources.

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Green Hydrogen Power
Green hydrogen power involves the production of hydrogen using renewable energy to electrolyze water, which allows for the storage and on-demand use of hydrogen in a fuel cell to provide a clean and sustainable power source.
Quick Fact
Almost all hydrogen used in industry is produced using fossil fuels (often called grey hydrogen). However, in the past five years, electrolyzers' capacity to create green hydrogen has doubled. (IEA)

RENEWABLE HEAT
Renewable heat refers to heating water, buildings, and industrial processes using carbon-free energy sources that are naturally replenished. Read more about the global transition to 100% renewable heat.
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Solar Heat
Solar heat is the process of harnessing thermal energy from the sun, commonly achieved through a sealed flat plate with copper pipes, utilized for residential, commercial, or industrial space heating or water heating.
Quick Fact
Solar thermal heating and cooling systems are essential to energy resilience as local energy production reduces transmission needs. Solar heating systems are affordable, with a lifetime cost of about one-third of the cost of gas or electric water heaters. (IEA 2012)


Sustainable Biomass Heat
Sustainable biomass heat refers to the controlled combustion of cellulosic waste products, including wood scraps, agricultural residues, and other organic materials, to generate renewable heat without depleting forests or croplands.
Quick Fact
Biomass energy can increase a country's energy security, decreasing their need to import fossil fuels. For instance, in the coming decades, most biomass demand will come from India, Brazil, and Indonesia, which have abundant domestic feedstocks. (IEA)


Geothermal Heat
Geothermal heat involves the extraction and distribution of subsurface latent heat for residential or industrial heating.
Quick Fact
Geothermal resources are classified by their temperature level, ranging from low temperature (<90˚C) to high (150-250˚C), which differentiates their suitability for various heat processes, from food processing to industrial process heat.

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Green Hydrogen Heat
Green hydrogen heat involves using sustainably produced hydrogen to generate heat through combustion for high-heat industrial needs or co-generation fuel cells for lower-heat commercial and residential markets.
Quick Fact
To reduce the potential for leakage and decrease transportation costs, the US plans to co-localize hydrogen production to hydrogen use, placing new electrolyzers in industrial areas that can put it to use.


District Heat
District heat is a utility-scale system for distributing heat from renewable sources (such as bioenergy, solar thermal, heat pumps, or geothermal) through a system of insulated pipes for residential and industrial needs.
Quick Fact
Europe leads the world in renewable district heat production with around 25% of heat coming from renewable sources.

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Electric Heat
Electric heat encompasses several technologies, such as heat pumps, space heaters, and induction ovens, that can convert renewable electricity into heat through electric resistance, radiation, induction, or efficient heat transfer.
Quick Fact
Heat pumps are 3-5x more efficient than natural gas boilers but only meet about 10% of global building heat needs. However, the public is picking up on their cost and health benefits as heat pump sales grew 11% globally in 2022, with Europe's market growing by over 40% year over year. (IEA)

RENEWABLE TRANSPORT
Renewable transport refers to vehicles that are powered by either renewable electricity or portable carbon-neutral fuels like green hydrogen, synfuel, and biofuel. Read more about the global transition to 100% renewable transportation.

Green Hydrogen Fuel
Green hydrogen fuel is produced using renewable energy to electrolyze water (splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen). The resulting hydrogen can be stored and used on demand in a fuel cell to create renewable power.
Quick Fact
With Biden's Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs, California will develop green hydrogen infrastructure to spearhead decarbonizing public transportation, heavy-duty trucking, and port operations—key emissions drivers in the state and sources of air pollution that are among the hardest to decarbonize. (White House)


Sustainable Synfuel
Sustainable synfuels are combustible fuels similar to petroleum but synthesized using renewable power and abundant resources such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, applicable for use in existing aircraft and maritime vessels without substantial engine modifications.
Quick Fact
Although few synfuels are currently in production due to their high price point, they present an attractive solution for long-distance aviation that is unlikely to be electrified.


Sustainable Biofuel
Sustainable biofuels are combustible liquid fuels produced from non-food feedstocks like algae and waste biomass, in contrast to those sourced from crops like soy and corn, which compete for critical agricultural land required for food production.
Quick Fact
In 2021, nearly 70% of renewable diesel and bio-based jet fuel came from wastes and residues.

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Electric Transport
Electric transport refers to any mode of transportation, including trains, trams, cars, buses, and bikes, powered by renewable electricity either directly from the grid or through stored battery energy. About 80% of all energy used to power a gasoline vehicle is lost to various inefficiencies. In comparison, an electric vehicle only loses about 11% of the original energy used to power it.
Quick Fact
The public is increasingly recognizing the superiority of electric vehicles (EVs), evident in their exponential growth in sales. In 2020, only one out of every 25 cars sold was an EV, which has since risen to one out of every seven cars sold in 2023. (IEA)

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Energy efficiency refers to the reduction of total energy demand through intelligent behavioral and technological measures without lowering living standards. Read more about energy efficiency's role in the transition to 100% renewable energy.
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Built Environment
Built environment encompasses any constructed structure or system, including whole cities, residential homes, commercial buildings, government facilities, roads, bridges, and factories, designed with a focus on minimizing energy needs, material usage, and associated emissions.
Quick Fact
We can reduce emissions from the buildings sector by 66% simply through demand-side mitigation efforts, such as creating more compact cities, better design, urban planning, insulation, and lifestyle changes.

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Transportation Efficiency
Transportation efficiency encompasses measures aimed at reducing reliance on energy-inefficient modes of travel, such as automobiles and airplanes, which includes investments in public rail systems, buses, bicycles, and personal electric vehicles (PEVs), along with policies promoting remote work options, lightweight vehicle manufacturing, and other energy-saving measures that contribute to sustainable transportation practices.
Quick Fact
Behavior and technological choices drive a large part of our energy needs, evidenced by how car-dependent North America uses 34% of the energy used globally in the transport sector yet only accounts for around 7% of the global population.

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Transmission & Storage
Transmission and storage measures refer to techniques that minimize energy loss during power transmission from production to consumption points, encompassing the deployment of smart grids, smart meters, demand response systems, integrated grid storage solutions, utility-scale batteries, and load-shedding techniques.
Quick Fact
While pumped-storage hydropower has the largest capacity worldwide for energy storage, grid-scale batteries are growing rapidly. New installations rose by over 75% in 2022, growing to a total of 28 GW installed worldwide at the end of the year.

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Industrial Processes
Industrial processes encompass technological innovations, new systems, and upgrades that reduce the energy intensity and direct emissions from manufacturing chemicals, metals, electrical goods, textiles, materials, and cement.
Quick Fact
Many of these processes rely on fossil fuel-based feedstocks and are highly energy intensive, contributing to over 20% of global GHG emissions. Most of those emissions are caused by energy use in industry and can be solved through renewable energy and energy efficiency. However, high-heat processes, cement, refrigerants, and certain chemicals create non-energy-related GHGs that need to be solved through innovation.


Nature Conservation
One Earth developed peer-reviewed research providing a global inventory of all remaining natural lands called the Global Safety Net, which provides country and state-level benchmarks for spatial target setting under the UN's Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. This, along with additional research on the first spatial model on the technical potential of forest-based carbon removal, informs 24 solution pathways under the nature conservation pillar, organized into four sub-categories:
LAND CONSERVATION
Land conservation refers to the long-term protection and Indigenous governance of natural land areas and wildlife across forests, wetlands, grasslands, and drylands.

Land Protected Areas
Land protected areas are places already protected or recognized by governments, including all International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)-protected area classes and Other Effective Conservation Measures (OECMs) as defined by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).
Quick Fact
Land Protected Areas total 15% of the planet’s land and comprise Layer 1 of the Global Safety Net.


Rarity Sites
Rarity sites are unprotected areas that need to be protected immediately due to the presence of rare or range-restricted plant and animal species.
Quick Fact
Species Rarity Sites total 2.3% of the planet’s land and comprise Layer 2 of the Global Safety Net.


Land Habitats
Land habitats are unprotected land areas with groupings of plants and animals vital to maintaining healthy ecosystems.
Quick Fact
High biodiversity areas total 6.0% of the planet’s land and comprise Layer 3 of the Global Safety Net.

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Mammal Assemblages
Mammal assemblages refers to unprotected large mammal landscapes where seasonal groupings of animals occur, particularly megafauna.
Quick Fact
Large mammal landscapes, like the Pantanal wetlands in Western Brazil, home to the world’s largest jaguars, total 6.3% of the planet’s land and comprise Layer 4 of the Global Safety Net.


Intact Wilderness
Intact wilderness refers to unprotected areas with a large extent of intact wilderness, such as continuous forests, shrublands, and grasslands, that aren't identified in previous layers of the Global Safety Net.
Quick Fact
Intact wilderness totals 16% of the planet's land and comprise Layer 5 of the Global Safety Net.


Other Refugia
Other refugia refer to unprotected areas not included in other designations of the Global Safety Net that help to stabilize our global climate system by absorbing and storing more than 50 metric tons of carbon per hectare of land.
Quick Fact
Climate stabilization areas total 4.7% of the planet's lands and comprise Layer 6 of the Global Safety Net.


Indigenous Tenure
Indigenous tenure refers to land currently occupied or managed by Indigenous People or Local Communities (IPLCs) that are legally recognized by governments as belonging to those communities.
Quick Fact
Although Indigenous Peoples comprise less than 5% of the world's population, they live on and protect lands that contain 80% of Earth's biodiversity.


Urban Biodiversity
Urban biodiversity refers to methods that reintroduce nature and wildlife back into urban or suburban areas, including tree planting, microforests, pollinator meadows, and river restoration.

OCEAN CONSERVATION
Ocean conservation is the long-term protection and sustainable management of marine areas and species—from coastal ecosystems and coral reefs to deep ocean habitats.

Marine Protected Areas
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are sections of the ocean that are currently protected or recognized by governments, with limits placed on human activity in an effort to conserve marine biodiversity and habitats. This includes all IUCN-protected area classes as well as Other Effective Conservation Measures (OECMs).
Quick Fact
Over 5,000 Marine Protected Areas have been established worldwide, covering 0.8% of the ocean.

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Marine Habitats
Marine habitats are unprotected areas with groupings of plants and animals that are vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems.

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Sustainable Fisheries
Sustainable fisheries are fishing operations managed in a manner that ensures the long-term health and productivity of fish stocks and the marine ecosystems in which they live. This involves harvesting at a rate where the fish population can replenish itself naturally, thereby avoiding overfishing. Sustainable fisheries also consider the impacts of fishing practices on other marine life and habitats, ensuring that the broader ecosystem remains balanced and healthy. The goal is to meet current seafood demands without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Quick Fact
Annually, fishers remove more than 77 billion kilograms (170 billion pounds) of wildlife from the sea, raising concerns about overfishing and the potential collapse of the world’s fisheries.


Alkalinization
Alkalinization is the process of adding naturally occurring substances like olivine sand to seawater to enhance the ocean's natural carbon sink without harming plant or animal populations. This approach aims to stabilize or raise the pH levels of seawater, making it less acidic.
Quick Fact
Some methods of alkalinization, like electrochemical weathering or using fuel cells to enhance alkalinity, produce hydrogen, which could be used as an alternative energy source.

ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION
Ecosystem restoration involves assisting the recovery of degraded ecosystems and their natural processes through measures including reforestation, habitat regeneration, and the rewilding of keystone species.

Forest Recovery
Forest recovery refers to restoring previously logged or degraded forests through natural regeneration. This restoration can be unassisted or assisted, with the latter involving periodic clearing of invasive species, if present.
Quick Fact
According to the One Earth Climate Model, if 25% of secondary forests (1,893 Mha) were set aside for conservation and allowed to naturally restore, they could collectively sequester 52 Gt of CO2 by the end of the century. (Dooley)

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Reforestation
Reforestation involves planting native trees in areas affected by man-made disturbances (e.g., logging, mining, agricultural clearing, and development) or by natural disturbances (e.g., wildfires, drought, and insect and disease infestations).
Quick Fact
A 2019 analysis suggests that planting trees in areas that would naturally support woodlands and forests on an additional 0.9 billion hectares could capture 205 gigatonnes of carbon. (Bastin et al., 2019)

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Sustainable Forestry
Sustainable forestry is a forest management technique that includes selective logging instead of clear-cutting. It is more expensive but results in high-quality timber products over the longer term, reducing carbon emissions from logging and benefiting wildlife.
Quick Fact
Reduced-impact logging for climate (RIL-C) is a way to maintain timber production while minimizing forest damage and can reduce logging emissions by 44%. (Ellis et al., 2019)


Grassland Restoration
Grassland restoration includes a suite of practices that restore or enhance the health of grassland ecosystems, including managing and planting native species.
Quick Fact
Grasslands are among the largest terrestrial biomes, covering >25% of the Earth's surface.

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Wetlands Restoration
Maybe: Wetlands restoration refers to a combination of management practices and planting native species to restore and enhance the health of all types of wetlands, including marshes, swamps, bogs, fens, seagrass, and kelp forests.
Quick Fact
Although they cover only 6% of the Earth’s land surface, 40% of all plant and animal species live or breed in wetlands.


Mangrove Restoration
Mangrove restoration consists of reviving or rehabilitating coastal mangrove ecosystems, which help sequester carbon, safeguard coastlines against storms and erosion, and foster biodiversity.

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Coral Restoration
Coral restoration includes hybridizing or reestablishing corals in areas that have experienced bleaching or other disturbances.
Quick Fact
Coral reefs occur in less than one percent of the ocean, yet are home to nearly one-quarter of all ocean species.

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Species Rewilding
Species rewilding is the process of reintroducing species of wild terrestrial and marine animals that were previously driven out or exterminated from their native habitats.
Quick Fact
Rewilding just 20 large mammal species back to their historic habitats could restore ecosystems across almost one-quarter of the Earth’s land. (Vynne et al., 2022)

WILDLIFE CONNECTIVITY
Wildlife connectivity refers to creating and maintaining ecological corridors and connections between natural habitats, enabling species to move and migrate unimpeded across both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Land Corridors
Land corridors are landscapes that connect two or more wildlife areas, allowing animals to move freely between larger areas of intact habitat.
Quick Fact
Land corridors can increase movement between isolated populations, help to increase genetic diversity, and increase food availability for a variety of species.

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Land Buffers
Land buffers are areas of land used to separate cultivated or developed land from protected areas, Indigenous conservation areas and wildlife habitats. They may also have ancillary benefits, such as agroforestry projects.
Quick Fact
Buffer areas can help meet a number of natural resource, economic, and social objectives, including providing wildlife habitat, protecting cropland and downstream communities from flood damage, and filtering nutrients, pesticides, and animal waste from agricultural land runoff.


Rivers & Streams
Areas of land running alongside a river or a portion of a river bed that enable river-dependent species to feed, mate, and migrate. Conserving these can stabilize river banks and reduce the velocity of water to support wildlife.
Quick Fact
Rivers hold less than one percent of the world's water, with the rest existing in the salty ocean and polar ice caps—making rivers incredibly important for freshwater conservation.

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Marine Corridors
Marine corridors serve as migration routes for sea birds, fish, and marine mammals free of interference from human activity.
Quick Fact
The Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR) was established in 2004 to provide for the long-term conservation of nature, restore ecosystem resilience and mitigate the damage to marine biodiversity caused by human activities.


Regenerative Agriculture
One Earth supported cutting-edge research in regenerative agriculture, including a groundbreaking agricultural AI model to optimize global crop production and nutrition availability, factoring in future climate changes. Our analysis of emerging research in agriculture and sustainable land use has informed four sub-categories under the regenerative agriculture pillar, with a total of 29 unique solutions pathways:
REGENERATIVE CROPLANDS
Regenerative croplands consist of a wide variety of farm management techniques that increase the net carbon stored in farmland, increase crop resilience, decrease food miles, decrease inputs while increasing yields, and eliminate the emissions associated with fertilizer.
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Farm Afforestation
Farm afforestation involves the strategic integration of diverse tree-based systems, such as windbreaks, pocket forests, orchards, or alley cropping, within croplands, contributing to enhanced carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and improved land management practices that promote sustainable agriculture.

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Cropland Restoration
Cropland restoration is converting degraded or abandoned agricultural land into sustainable use by applying regenerative agriculture practices that help regenerate ecosystems, promote biodiversity, and enhance soil quality for long-term food production.
Quick Fact
Globally, cropland stores almost 10% of the total global soil organic carbon in the top 30 cm of soil.

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Soil Management
Soil management encompasses a range of holistic farming practices, including cover crops, erosion control, microbial inoculants, and non-fertilizer soil improvers, designed to foster soil health, resilience, and carbon content, ensuring sustainable and productive agricultural systems while minimizing negative environmental impacts.
Quick Fact
Given its multiple benefits, including improved food production, soil carbon sequestration, and the conservation of existing soil carbon stocks, is a crucial mitigation pathway to achieve the less than 2°C global target of the Paris Climate Agreement.

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Sustainable Biochar
Sustainable biochar refers to turning sustainably sourced biomass into charcoal, which can enrich and fortify agricultural soil, enhancing its fertility, water retention, and structure while sequestering carbon.
Quick Fact
Sustainable biochar can sequester carbon to help mitigate climate change while providing energy and increasing crop yields.

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Sustainable Fertilizers
Sustainable fertilizers are organic-based fertilizers, including compost, herbivore manures, vermiculture, microbial soil amendments, and domestic sewage, fostering nutrient-rich soil, promoting healthy crop growth, and minimizing detrimental environmental impacts.
Quick Fact
Organic fertilizers can improve soil structure over time by increasing aeration and water-holding capacity of the soil.


Sustainable Rice Farming
Sustainable rice farming employs a variety of eco-friendly practices that minimize resource usage, enhance productivity through improved seed selection and reduced crop loss, and mitigate methane emissions by implementing water management techniques that limit the duration of flooding in rice paddies.
Quick Fact
Sustainable rice farming can decrease water use by 2%, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50%, and increase income by 10%.


Agritecture
Agritecture denotes the innovative integration of agricultural practices into built infrastructure, encompassing various methods such as vertical farming, advanced greenhouses, and green roofs, creating sustainable and efficient urban farming solutions that optimize land use and promote local food production in urban settings.
Quick Fact
Green roofs can significantly reduce the urban heat island effect by absorbing and dissipating heat, helping to lower temperatures in urban areas and improve overall air quality. Additionally, green roofs can provide insulation, reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings.

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Crop Optimization
Using AI and data modeling to determine the optimal location for various crops, increasing overall yields and crop resilience while reducing water consumption.
Quick Fact
Crop production will need to increase by about 60% to satisfy the demand for food for the fast-growing population globally—demonstrating the need for crop optimization.

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Dryland Irrigation
Dryland irrigation refers to identifying presently rainfed cropland that could be irrigated to increase yields and reduce food insecurity without increasing land needed for agriculture or depleting sustainable water resources.
Quick Fact
Dryland irrigation helps employ sustainable and regenerative agriculture practices, like keeping the soil rooted year-round.

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Agroforestry
Agroforestry is the practice of cultivating trees, crops, and sometimes livestock in a complementary manner, allowing for multi-story production of diverse products that promote biodiversity, improve soil health, and enhance ecosystem resilience.
Quick Fact
According to the One Earth Climate Model, integrating trees into 20% of temperate and tropical pastureland could sequester 25 gigatons of C02 by 2050 and 33 gigatons of CO2 by the end of the century. (Dooley)

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Polyculture
Polyculture is the practice of cultivating multiple crops, often with symbiotic properties, in the same area, which helps sequester carbon, enhance biodiversity, and improve yield resilience.
Quick Fact
Like natural systems, polycultures offer benefits, including reduced pest damage and soil conservation, even increasing crop yields per area compared to monocultures.

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Perennial/Superfoods
Perennial superfoods, including acai, goji, and moringa, are exceptionally high in nutrients and beneficial for human health but do not require replanting each year, reducing soil erosion and increasing carbon sequestration relative to annual crops.
Quick Fact
Studies have demonstrated that superfoods high in antioxidants and flavonoids help prevent coronary heart disease and cancer, improve immunity, and decrease inflammation.


Seed Diversity
Seed diversity refers to practices that increase the genetic diversity of plants available to farmers by restoring heirloom crops or creating new strains through hybridization, which bolster food security and enhance crop resilience to pest and climate impacts.
Quick Fact
Without seed diversity, it's difficult for plants to adapt to pests, diseases, and changing climate conditions—a particular concern as the world warms.


Smallholder Farming
Smallholder farming refers to family or community farms on less than five acres, which aid food security and climate change by allowing for micro-management of a diversity of crops adapted to a specific region with much lower carbon footprints than industrial agriculture.
Quick Fact
While 75 percent of the world's food is generated from only 12 plants and five animal species, making the global food system highly vulnerable to shocks, biodiversity is critical to smallholder systems that keep many rustic and climate-resilient varieties and breeds alive.

SUSTAINABLE RANGELANDS
Sustainable rangelands pertain to shifting diets to decrease the strain on our rangelands, managing pastureland to decrease methane emissions, and maximizing carbon stored in the soil by eliminating deforestation and increasing ecosystem health.
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Silvopasture
Silvopasture refers to intentionally integrating trees and grazing livestock to optimize the production of forest products and forage, enhancing biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and diversifying farmer's outputs.
Quick Fact
One of the main advantages of silvopasture systems is reducing heat stress in livestock, which improves animal performance and well-being.

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Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a subsistence agricultural practice that involves raising domestic animals in natural grassland environments, often in dryland areas.
Quick Fact
What distinguishes pastoral systems is traditional knowledge, centuries-long tested experiences based on inference and ground truthing, with a propensity to adapt to new circumstances.


Grazing Optimization
Grazing optimization involves the strategic rotation of herbivores like cattle, bison, and sheep to allow for rest periods to facilitate pasture regrowth, mimicking natural ecological conditions and promoting sustainable rangeland management practices that support biodiversity and soil health.
Quick Fact
Facilitating soil carbon sequestration through improved grazing regimes is essential for offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.


Healthy Feed
Healthy feed refers to a nutritionally balanced diet provided to livestock that contains essential macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and adequate fiber, fostering animal well-being, reducing reliance on antibiotics, and mitigating methane emissions.
Quick Fact
Improving cattle feed can reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by 4.42–15.05 gigatons by 2050.


Planetarian Diet
The planetarian diet emphasizes a nutritional approach outlined by the EAT-Lancet Commission, promoting sustainable and healthy dietary habits, including reduced red meat consumption, increased vegetable intake, and decreased food waste, aiming to support global food security and environmental sustainability for a growing population.
Quick Fact
Reducing your overall meat consumption is essential because the production contributes to the ever-increasing social and economic costs of poor public health, climate disaster relief, and environmental degradation.

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Meat-free Proteins
Meat-free proteins represent an emerging sector in the food industry focused on plant-based protein alternatives sourced from pulses, seaweed, moringa, and other high-protein sources that can be produced and processed sustainably.
Quick Fact
When demand shifts from animal-based proteins to alternative proteins, farmers are less pressured to convert native vegetation into farmland, and some existing farmland could even be restored to native vegetation.

FOOD WASTE REDUCTION
Food is a resource that represents large amounts of energy, resources, and time. Reducing the amount of food wasted through on- and off-farm measures increases our resource efficiency and allow the nutrients in food to cycle back into our food system.

On-farm Storage
On-farm storage solutions, including technologies like solar-powered refrigerators, contribute to significant reductions in crop losses due to inadequate or inaccessible cold storage, ensuring the freshness and quality of produce before it is sold or taken to market.
Quick Fact
On-farm grain storage can give a farmer financial benefits, greater control over where crops are sold, a hearty supply of animal feed, and protection against weather damage.


Bioregional Sourcing
Bioregional sourcing emphasizes the procurement of food from local farms and regional ecosystems, promoting sustainable and resilient food systems that support local economies and reduce the environmental impact of long-distance shipping.
Quick Fact
Sourcing locally contributes to green manufacturing and ultimately helps build consumer confidence. When consumers buy with confidence, the business benefits from increasing positive brand awareness and customer loyalty.

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Food Upcycling
Food upcycling involves the creative repurposing of food byproducts, surplus food, and cosmetically imperfect food into new edible products in an effort to reduce food waste.
Quick Fact
Globally, we lose around $1 trillion per year on wasted or lost food. Upcycled food captures that value and leverages it to create a sustainable and resilient food system.

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Urban Gardening
Urban gardening encompasses the conversion of turf grass into gardens and cultivating herbs and vegetables in urban spaces such as rooftops, balconies, or community gardens to promote local food production, boost public health, and lower carbon emissions.
Quick Fact
Growing your own herbs, fruits, and vegetables is a good way to make your garden more climate-friendly. Home-grown food increases soil carbon and decreases carbon emissions from food packaging, refrigeration, and transportation.


Composting
Composting involves the natural decomposition of organic matter, such as plant debris and food scraps, into a valuable fertilizer and soil amendment, contributing to soil health, improved water retention, and carbon sequestration.
Quick Fact
When compost is applied, the soil's health increases as microbes grow and become more plentiful. These microbes sequester carbon in the soil from photosynthesis.


Meal Planning
Meal planning involves the strategic preparation and organization of meals to save money, improve health, and reduce food waste.
Quick Fact
Wasted food accounts for 2.6% of the annual greenhouse gas emissions in the US, which is equivalent to 1 in 7 cars on the road. Reducing food waste is a top strategy for addressing climate change.

CIRCULAR FIBERSHEDS
Circular fibersheds refer to replacing fossil-fuel-based fabrics (nylon, polyester, spandex, etc.) with fabrics and textiles grown using regenerative farming practices and implementing systems to reuse and recycle clothing after its useful life.
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Fiber Sourcing
Fiber sourcing is the responsible procurement of natural fibers, like linen, wool, hemp, and jute, from environmentally sustainable and ethically managed sources that support soil health, waterways, and biodiversity and enhance carbon sequestration.
Quick Fact
The global market for "eco-fibers" is projected to grow from $40.38 billion in 2020 to $58.29 billion by 2027, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% over the forecast period. [Fibers Roadmap]

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Green Textiles
Green textiles refer to textiles produced through eco-friendly fiber processing and dyeing methods, emphasizing reduced energy consumption and the avoidance of chemicals harmful to human and ecological health.
Quick Fact
The textile industry generates one-fifth of the world's industrial water pollution, and textile dyeing is the second largest water polluter in the world.


Recycle & Reuse
Recycle and Reuse refers to the adoption of sustainable fashion practices, including the concept of "slow fashion," which encourages the use, repair, and repurposing of second-hand apparel, along with the recycling and upcycling of fibers for additional purposes, all aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of the prevailing culture of "fast fashion."
Quick Fact
Every ton of reused discarded textiles prevents 20 tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere.

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Intersectional Themes
Beyond the specific solutions in the three pillars of climate action, the One Earth Framework also addresses seven major cross-cutting themes that need to be considered to effectively deploy climate solutions at scale. These themes provide a holistic approach to ensure our solutions are inclusive and equitable.
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Gender Equity
Gender equity is the inclusion and empowerment of women and girls in any climate solution pathway.

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Social Justice
The fair and equal distribution of resources and opportunities within a society, and it is a crucial component of finding solutions to the climate crisis.


Youth Leadership
Empowering the next generation of leaders with the knowledge and skills to solve the climate crisis.


Sustainable Livelihoods
A UN term used to focus on uplifting typically poor and often rural populations, providing new opportunities for gainful employment that helps the environment rather than harms it.

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Public Health
Climate change poses significant threats to public health around the world. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, poor air quality, and other impacts of climate change directly harm human health.


Water Guardianship
The capacity of upstream sources, underground aquifers, desalination, and other technologies to ensure sufficient freshwater for agriculture and human uses.
Quick Fact
Worldwide, two billion people lack access to clean and safe drinking water, highlighting the urgent need for protecting and managing water resources sustainably and equally.

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Biological Diversity
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the variability of living things that makes up life on Earth—from plants and animals to fungi and bacteria— and the ecosystems that house them.



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Levers of Change
Funding opportunities for these climate solutions can deliver impact in a variety of ways. One Earth simplifies the universe of opportunities to seven main levers of change that help shape project development from the outset, as well as key performance indicators to measure the success of projects we support.

Philanthro-activism
Guided by the science of a 1.5°C pathway, philanthro-activism directs the resources of philanthropy to the activism of communities doing the work on the front lines of climate change.

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Climate Finance
The mobilization of both governmental and private sector financial resources to fund and rapidly scale climate solutions. Examples include government grants, private investments, and public-private partnerships.

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Policy & Governance
Implementing effective policies, laws, and regulations that promote sustainable practices, reduce carbon emissions, and protect nature, as well as the effective governance necessary to ensure compliance at local, national, and international levels. Examples range from regional urban planning to national carbon pricing to international agreements like the Paris Climate Accord and High Seas Treaty.


Science & Technology
The scientific research and technological innovation developed to provide decision-makers at all levels with the tools and knowledge they need to prioritize implementing the best climate solutions. Examples include the development of science-based roadmaps like the One Earth Climate Model and the Global Safety Net and digital tools like Trailguard.


Legal Empowerment
Increasing access to justice and the rule of law for marginalized individuals and communities. It can enable local communities to secure rights to their land, bring lawsuits against governments or private companies for harmful environmental practices, participate in decision-making processes, and access mechanisms for climate justice.


Community Action
Collective efforts taken by groups of individuals at a local level to implement systemic change. Grassroots initiatives can include community efforts to protect and restore nature, reduce carbon emissions, implement local adaptation measures, and foster environmental stewardship.


Education & Awareness
Educating individuals and communities about readily available climate solutions and expanding the general understanding of what constitutes a climate solution. This strategy is crucial for fostering informed decision-making and behavior change at multiple levels in order to affect systemic change.



Between now and 2030, we estimate that $10 trillion of new funding will move into climate change mitigation from the public and private sectors. At One Earth, we believe philanthropists can play a critical role in helping inform the strategic use of these vitally important flows of new capital. Our Climate Finance Tracker initiative keeps a pulse on climate finance from all sectors—public, private, and philanthropic—and we’re continually supporting new cutting-edge initiatives to help steer decision making in government ministries, financial board rooms, and family offices.